Impacts

Sunlight and warmth of the sun are, up to a certain level, healthy and make us feel well. Thus, the sun is generally good for humans.

But if the UV exposition exceeds a certain level – a level that may vary from individual to individual – the skin will suffer.

What exactly are the effects the sunlight has on us and our skin?

 

Sunlight supports the production of vitamin D. More...
UV light enables the body to produce vitamin D.

This vitamin is very important for the human body: it is essential for the development of the bones. The body does not need large amounts of sunlight, however, to produce vitamin D: 10 to 15 minutes per day on face, arms and hands are sufficient, even with cloudy sky.

Sunlight cheers human beings up. More...
The visible light and the warmth of the sun enhance our mood.

Beside the positive feelings a sunny day creates, the sun is having a chemical influence on our mood: messenger substances (like serotonin) are released in our brain that make us feel euphoric and relaxed. No wonder, thus, that every beginning of spring delivers thousands of people from the so-called "winter depression".

UV radiation can be used therapeutically in various skin diseases. More...
UV radiation can be helpful in the treatment of various skin diseases when used systematically. This is called "phototherapy".

An adequate UV dose can improve eczema or psoriasis: the light reduces skin inflammations and alleviates or ends itching. It is essential that a doctor or dermatologist determines the adequate dosage of UV radiation.

Eczema (also called atopic dermatitis or atopic eczema)

Eczema is a specific congenital form of eczema which reacts to specific triggers that do not play an important role in other forms of eczema.

Eczema is related to strong itching and usually comes in bouts. The nerves have an important part in eczema. Firstly, the itching is reported to the brain by the nerves, as is the case with pain.

Secondly, eczema has also a lot to do with our mind. In eczema, all body regions and all ages can be affected. The inflammatory reactions are usually not based on an allergy but result from completely different causes.

From its appearance, it is very difficult to distinguish between eczema and other forms of dermatitis (e. g. allergic contact dermatitis or irritant contact dermatitis).

Sunlight makes us tan. More...
To protect itself against harmful radiation, the skin reacts by thickening the upper skin layer and by tanning.

The latter results from an increased production of the skin pigment melanin, a substance produced within the human body. In this way, the energy of the UV radiation is absorbed already on the skin surface and is prevented from penetrating more deeply into the skin. Tanning is actually a warning from the side of the skin! Thus, it’s the normal skin colour that is a sign for health, not the tanned one.

UV radiation can cause sunburn. More...
Excessive sunbathing, if in natural or in artificial UV light, can become visible few hours after sun exposure: you’ll get sunburn.

In sunburn, like in a burn by fire, three degrees of burn are differentiated:

Degree 1 = Painful reddening, swelling
Degree 2 = Development of blisters
Degree 3 = Extensive destruction and ablation of the upper skin layer (epidermis)

The time in which someone will get sunburn depends on the skin type, and on the duration and the intensity of the sun exposure. The skin only seems to recover from sunburn. Every single sunburn leads to damages in the skin which the body will not be able to repair them completely. This can lead to premature skin ageing or even to skin cancer. But if you protect yourself adequately, you will be able to avoid this.

UV radiation can accelerate skin ageing. More...
Frequent sunbathing accelerates and supports the premature skin ageing visibly.

In the short run, too much UV light makes the skin lose humidity, dry out and scale. In the long run, the UV rays lead to a loss in elasticity in the skin and to the development of wrinkles and pigment moles (age spots).

Sunrays can cause skin cancer. More...
The skin remembers every single damage that it has ever carried away from UV radation. Exaggerated sunbathing can lead to skin cancer.

There are different forms of skin cancer: in the first group, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, in the second group malignant melanoma.

The first group occurs predominantly in older people and the chances for healing are very good if it is diagnosed early, as it does not spread to other parts of the body.
The second group, malignant melanoma, often affects young people, too. This cancer type is more aggressive and more difficult to treat, as it tends to spread to other organs of the body.  

The best way to prevent skin cancer is sun-wise behaviour. See more under healthy sun pleasure.

The skin can develop an oversensitization to UV light. More...
Sometimes, the skin reacts very sensitive to UV radiation: it develops skin problems like reddening, blisters and pustules, often combined with strong burning sensations and itching.

This can happen for example if the skin is not used to strong sunlight and is called "sun allergy". In the so-called "Mallorca acne", however, the skin reacts to the combination of strong UV radiation and the greases and emulsifiers in the sunscreens. You will get skin problems like in normal acne, with pimples and pustules. There are also some medicines, cosmetics or plants that can, in combination with UV radiation, lead to troublesome skin problems.

All in all, sunlight is necessary for our life, but enjoyed in an excessive manner, it can be harmful – sometimes even in a way that cannot be undone. As a matter of principle, everybody should look into the subject of UV radiation and its consequences.

How someone reacts to UV radiation depends on a person’s skin type or pigmentation type. If the skin of a person is fair or dark is genetically determined.

People with fair skin or freckles, with fair or red hair and blue eyes sunburn rather quickly and often don’t actually get tanned. Darker skin types are less sensitive to sunlight; they rarely sunburn and get a tan more quickly.

Six different skin types (I-VI) have been determined. The most frequent types in Europe are the types I-IV.

 

Please find more information on skin types here. Maybe you want to try to find out your own skin type by using this table?

The skin determines our appearance to a large extent. One of the factors is the skin type or pigmentation type – in short, the “skin colour”.

An American dermatologist developed the following scheme of six skin types in order to allow recommendations for skin protection against the sun.

Skin type 1
 

Characteristics:

  • Very fair and extremely sensitive skin with freckles
  • Fair eye colour and ginger hair
  • No tanning and mostly sunburn (after 10 min without protection)

Protective measures:

  • Avoid sunburn, better remain in the shadow (especially between 11 am and 3 pm)
  • Use hat with neck cover, adequate clothing and sun glasses with 100% UV protection
  • Use sunscreen with high protective factor ( min. SPF – sun protective factor - 30)
  • Protect especially well nose, ears, lips and neck

 

 
Skin type 2
 

Characteristics:

  • Fair and sensitive skin, often freckles
  • Fair eye and hair colour
  • Slow tanning and mostly sunburn (after 20 min without protection)


Protective measures:

  • Avoid sunburn, better remain in the shadow (especially between 11 am and 3 pm)
  • Use hat with neck cover, adequate clothing and sun glasses with 100% UV protection
  • Use sunscreen with high protective factor ( min. SPF 25)
  • Protect especially well nose, ears, lips and neck

 

 
Skin type 3
 

Characteristics:

  • Skin average fair, fair or dark eye colour, brown hair
  • Simple and slow tanning,
  • often sunburn (after 30 min without protection)


Protective measures:

  • Avoid sunburn between 11 am and 3 pm
  • Wear hat and sunglasses
  • Use sunscreen with at least SPF 15
  • Protect especially well nose, ears, lips and neck

 

 
Skin type 4
  Characteristics:

  • Brownish and little sensitive skin
  • Dark eyes, dark brown or black hair,
  • Quick and deep tanning, sometimes sunburn (after 45 min without protection)


Protective measures:

  • Wear hat and sunglasses
  • Use sunscreen with at least SPF 15
  • At the seaside and in the mountains, protect well lips and neck

 

 
Skin type 5
 

Characteristics:

  • Dark and little sensitive skin
  • Dark eyes, black hair
  • Rarely sunburn (after 60 min without protection)


Protective measures:

  • Wear hat and sunglasses
  • Use sunscreen with at least SPF15
  • At the seaside and in the mountains, protect well lips and neck

 

 
Skin type 6
  Characteristics:

  • Black and little sensitive skin
  • Dark eyes, black hair
  • Very rarely sunburn (in 90 min without protection)



Protective measures:

  • At the seaside and in the mountains wear hat and sunglasses
  • Protect lips well
  • Use sunscreen with at least SPF 15
  • After a longer time without sun exposure, also dark skin can develop sunburn after prolonged sunbathing