Love can’t make you sick … or can it? One thing is completely clear to Paolo and his friends: love is an exciting but also a difficult subject. And everybody talks about it – also in the summer camp. A competition around the subject „Love can’t make you sick … or can it?” brings out Paolo’s creative side which leaves his friends amazed. Read or hear more about Paolo’s creative ideas about how to do it your own way.
| Module sexually transmitted diseases (STD) | ||
| Episode 4 Doing it our own way |
||
| Movie Don’t play with your life |
||
| Hints & Info Hints and Information about sexually transmitted diseases (STD) |
||
Doing it our own way
Slowly, the end of the summer camp is approaching. Traditionally, there is always a competition during the last week. This year’s theme is difficult and exciting at the same time: “Love can’t make you sick – or can it?”
The theme causes a lot of confusion, and the camp supervisors help the young people by telling them about the competitions of previous years. Last year’s theme had been “Don’t play with your life” – equally difficult and fascinating.
Now, what is this competition about?
The young people in the camp are supposed to invent and design creative, funny or thought-provoking posters or films. The necessary material and technical equipment is provided. The young people are working in groups of four to six and have a week in which to prepare.. In the end, three winners are selected, and the other young people don’t come away empty-handed either at the Farewell Party.
Thelma, Natalya, Paolo and Max are racking their brains over this year’s theme. They soon agree that the subject must be sexually transmittable diseases. Natalya has overcome her “acne depression”, as Thelma calls it, long ago and offers the first idea, a song with lyrics that make Max blush: “Bad girls are fun, but the gonococci quickly come!” “No?” Natalya looks around. “Ah, no, this is better: Everybody is anxious, about AIDS and syphilis!” Roguishly, Natalya winks from under her hair. “Or even : Better do it with a condom, than become Mum and Dad at random!” Thelma is clutching her belly with laughter, while Max is blushing more deeply with every sentence. Paolo looks rather self-conscious, as inventing these kind of sayings are usually his role. But after a while they all laugh and rhyme around wildly. They are aware however that they won’t win the contest with these kinds of ideas. Max has no better idea than to write a modern fairy tale, and Thelma admits that she is not really creative in that direction. Paolo wraps himself in silence.
Therefore Max, Thelma and Natalya are very surprised when Paolo arrives late for their meeting on the veranda of the old villa the next day with a roguish smile on his face, and announces: “I have something that will solve our problem!” Under the curious gaze of his friends he pulls a CD out from under his jacket. “I worked a little bit on Eva, she is in the tent next to you girls, and the other day she showed me last year’s winner when her older sister was in the camp. And because I am such a nice guy, she lent me this until tomorrow!” Thelma tries to take the CD out of his hands, but Paolo holds it tightly. Thelma raises her eyebrows. “And now we look at it with our laser eyes and read what’s on it?” she asks mockingly. Paolo is taking a laptop out of his bag. “They also lent you this?” Natalya grins. “Of course!” Paolo puts the CD into the laptop and starts the film. When the short film ends, the four friends stay unusually quiet for a while. They are impressed. “Don’t play with your life”, Max murmurs quietly. “We could hand in this film for the contest,” suggests Paolo. “Yeah, what a super idea – the same thing twice,” Natalya looks at him sympathetically. “And what does the film want to tell us?” asks Max who is mulling over its content. This question provokes a lively discussion, and it becomes quite clear that they all have only a superficial knowledge of the subject.
“Did you know that AIDS can be transmitted by kissing?” Paolo asks. “Oh no, that’s nonsense,” replies Natalya. “You only get AIDS when you have unsafe sex.” And Thelma adds: “But the probability that you get infected is not very high.”
“But even if you get infected, “Max remembers, “Some medication against AIDS has been developed. So now AIDS can be cured.” Natalya does not agree. “We have never heard about this in Romania, and we have a lot of people with the HIVvirus in our country.” - “Before, in my parents’ generation, AIDS didn’t exist.” Paolo adds, “My father told me that they didn’t know anything about condoms. And he should certainly know, because he was the greatest gigolo of Calabria!” Max is astonished: “Like father like son.” Natalya can’t suppress a giggle. Thelma looks at Paolo with big, round eyes. “But then, where does the disease come from?” Max asks and finds that everyone is looking perplexed. “We don’t seem to know very much,” says Thelma, summing up.
Paolo has had enough. “Listen, we can’t do something about AIDS again. We don’t know much about it, and besides, the subject won the first prize last year. Let’s think about other diseases that you can get, or let’s do something completely different!”
“How do you mean, something completely different?” The others don’t understand what he’s getting at.
He explains: “Yeah, see, they do this competition every year. Everybody comes up with some nice ideas about AIDS, syphilis or other diseases, about which we should have some knowledge but haven’t, as we have just noticed. But it really gets on my nerves that we only talk about these things when someone from outside makes us, I mean, the supervisors here in the camp, or the media, the television, the newspapers. Do you understand?”
The others look confused. “Not really,” says Natalya, and Max and Thelma agree.
Paolo tries harder. “See, I don’t want to make a movie like last year. This one here is far too professional anyway, and we wouldn’t have any chance, given the fact that we are already too late anyway. Why not do something on the subject of: we only start to think about things when the media try to make us do so? You get it now?”
Paolo looks questioningly at the small group and continues: “The message I want to send is: Let’s look at it ourselves!” Max, Thelma and Natalya stand in front of Paolo with open mouths. What he says is not complicated but turns everything upside down .Thelma is very impressed: never has she seen Paolo like this during the last weeks – so excited, so committed. Enthusiastically she agrees with him: “Yes, Let’s look at it ourselves! That’s a motto I like! If we can’t win the competition, then why not go down in history as having the best outsider idea ever?” Thelma and Max nod and immediately share their first ideas. The ice is broken, they start work.
Don’t play with your life
Paolo is unusually excited: Today there will be the announcement if they won anything in the competition or not, and if, as Natalya says, they won a “special award for missing the point in an especially ingenious way”, or if they failed completely. Apart from that, Paolo is very happy that Thelma was so enthusiastic about his idea. Without her, he would have never had this idea, and without her he wouldn’t have cared so much and wouldn’t have put so much effort – he knows himself well enough to be sure of that. Paolo thinks about his own words and how difficult it had been to explain it to the others: "Look, I don’t want to make a film like for example the one from last year. That one is way too professional for us. We wouldn’t have the slightest chance, the more so as we are already so much behind time. If we don’t want to make a film, then let’s do something about the subject that we only start to think about something when the media want us to do so."
"Exactly," Paolo affirms again in his mind. That was the crucial point, and now it is important that the jury also gets the point: Why do we as teenagers always let ourselves be pushed on that kind of subjects only from the outside? Why do we only deal with the subjects that others set for us?
| Everything clear? No? Then read some helpful hints and information here. This will make it easy for you. The Hints and Info section also open in a new window, so you will have everything within your view. Press here for the Hints & Info section about sexually transmitted diseases! |
| Skin is an important sensory organ for humans: it routes sensory perceptions to the brain. In sexual encounters, sensory perception plays an important role. Touching each other creates feelings of lust and satisfaction in various ways. |
If in petting without intercourse, oral or anal sex or vaginal intercourse, sex always means skin contact between two people and usually the exchange of body fluids like semen, vaginal fluid or even blood. Sexual encounters in their different forms are exciting, but can also lead to infection with a disease. This kind of diseases is called “sexually transmitted diseases (STD)” or “sexually transmitted infections (STI)”. Among these are e. g. infections with chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, hepatitis B, herpes, genital warts and HIV / AIDS.
These diseases are caused by germs (mostly viruses or bacteria), that can be transmitted in any kind of sexual contact by the mucosa of the sexual organs or (less often) the mouth.
| More information here: Definition, Transmission and Diseases. |
Most sexually transmitted diseases become noticeable by unpleasant symptoms in the genital area or around the mouth: the skin changes, you may observe discharges, pain, itching or burning. Sometimes you may not notice this immediately, and thus we may have and spread an infection to other people unknowingly.
This can be rather awkward for yourself and your partner/s. In this, it is important to know that sexually transmitted diseases can cause irreparable secondary damages, like e. g. sterility (i.e. the inability to reproduce), chronic diseases or the life-threatening general immunodeficiency (AIDS), an illness that makes the body defenceless against all sorts of germs.
| More Information here: Consequences and Myths. |
Who knows one's body and who knows about sexually transmitted infections, how they are treated and how one can protect oneself, can enjoy sexuality without consequences for one's health and one's partner's health. Sexually transmitted diseases can be avoided through Safer Sex
, above all the proper use of condoms. Also, there are vaccines against some diseases in the meanwhile.
| More Information here: Protection. |
But if you should catch an infection anyway, please be alert when you notice the first symptoms, take them serious, talk to your partner and see your doctor. In many of these diseases it is true that, if you notice them and have them treated early, the chance of healing is very good.
| More Information here: Treatment. |
Catching a sexually transmitted infection is something that can happen to everyone – it is not a reason for shame. If you look for information and protect your partner/s by practising Safer Sex
, you can avoid sexually transmitted diseases and enjoy sex untroubled.
Sexually transmitted diseases have been known for centuries. They are infections that can be transmitted by sexual contact between humans.
The expression “sexually transmitted infection” is in use very often as well. Infection
means that there is a germ (virus, bacterium, parasite) within the body of a person with the potential to cause a disease.
| Attention! Very often the infection remains completely unnoticed at first. But it is very important, in order to avoid the continuing and the negative consequences of a sexually transmitted disease, to take early symptoms serious and to see a doctor. Most sexually transmitted diseases can be treated well, especially in an early state. Who does not take serious early symptoms risks to transmit the infection to other people unknowingly. |
The transmission of a sexually transmitted disease happens in sexual intercourse, through the mucosa of the sexual organs and sometimes also of the mouth.
The risk of infection increases when body fluids like semen, vaginal fluid or blood are involved.
Here, sexual intercourse is understood to include petting without penetration, oral sex, anal sex and vaginal intercourse.
However, an infection can not only happen when body fluids are exchanged but also when one touches skin lesions caused by a disease, like e. g. spots, warts or abscesses.
The transmission happens through various germs, among which are bacteria, viruses and parasites. In former times, humans were completely helpless against many of these germs, but today this is fortunately not the case any more. There are effective therapies against this sort of diseases.
If you talk about sexually transmitted diseases, the first thing that will probably come to your mind is HIV/AIDS. There are many other diseases, however, that are very frequent in modern society as well and which can also be transmitted in unsafe sexual intercourse.
There are various sorts of germs that may transmit sexually transmitted diseases: there are bacteria and viruses, while other diseases are transmitted by fungi or parasites.
The table below shows the most important sexually transmitted diseases. If you would like to read more, please just click on the name and a new page will open.
| Diseases transmitted by bacteria | |||||||||||
|
|||||||||||
|
|||||||||||
|
|||||||||||
| Diseases transmitted by viruses | |||||||||||
|
|||||||||||
|
|||||||||||
(Genital and Anal Warts). More... |
|||||||||||
|
|||||||||||
|
|||||||||||
| Other diseases | |||||||||||
|
|||||||||||
|
|||||||||||
|
Sexually transmitted diseases can have grave consequences. Without knowing, we can infect other people, if we do not notice infections by their symptoms, or if these are so weak that we are not aware of them.
As we may transmit the infection to other people, we need to inform our partner/s if we suspect or know that we have an infection. This can be awkward and may cause conflicts in the relationship, for example if someone has to admit that he or she has been unfaithful.
| Many sexually transmitted infections can, if left untreated, lead to secondary damage that cannot be repaired any more. For example, they can cause sterility in men and women. Thus, some infections can cause chronic and lasting damage, while others, like HIV / AIDS, are even life-threatening. |
Especially an infection with HIV still usually leads to social exclusion and stigma.
| We all have some ideas about sexually transmitted infections in our heads. But they are not always correct. |
One of these ideas is that AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases exist among homosexual men only. This idea stems from the 1980s, when the AIDS epidemic began and the disease was first observed among homosexual men only. Actually every person having sex with someone whose HIV status is unknown, is at risk to become infected with HIV. It is correct that the risk of infection is higher in the group of men having sex with men, but this simply has to do with sexual practices.
|
History of HIV/AIDS In 1981, suddenly a high number of infections were observed that usually only occur in humans with a weakened immune system. But these infections then hit young – homosexual – men in Los Angeles that had been completely healthy before they caught these infections. In 1982, scientists already suspected an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. When various cases of infection were observed among heterosexual drug addicts and people who had received a blood transfusion, it became clear that the disease had nothing to do with homosexuality. By the way, in Germany the first case was diagnosed in 1982. After some years of investigation, science discovered that it is a certain virus that causes AIDS. In 1986, the name HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus In 1985, the first Worldwide AIDS Conference took place. In the 1990s, the medical science made remarkable progress, for example by developing the so-called combination therapy. This development remarkably increased the quality of life and the life-span of people infected with HIV. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the red AIDS ribbon has been a symbol for solidarity with HIV positive and AIDS patients all over the world. Until the end of 2004, about 73,000 people had been infected with HIV in Germany since the beginning of the epidemic. 46,500 were still alive at that time. The annual rate of new infections has been increasing again since 2002. In 2005, it was about 2,600 new cases per year. Worlwide, nearly 33,2 millions of men, women and children are living with HIV/AIDS. |
Many people also believe that the number of sexually transmitted infections is decreasing. Unfortunately, this is not the case: in many countries, the rates of new infections are rising, e. g. for syphilis and HIV / AIDS.
The notion that sexually transmitted infections cannot be transmitted by petting or oral sex is also very common. This is unfortunately not true either; it rather depends on the situation and on the germ. The risk of infection may be lower with oral sex, but if you have small wounds in the mucosa of your cheeks or in the gingiva, or an infected throat, or if the penetrating partner has an infection of the urthra, then the risk of infection is increased. Should the mouth come in contact with menstrual blood or infected vaginal fluid, an infection can be transmitted as well.
Many people think that sex with a condom is not nice or not cool. That’s actually only a question of attitude, in boys as well as in girls. Women and girls may often think: „If I insist on a condom, he might not want to sleep with me any more.” There are so many kinds of condoms nowadays, however, e. g. ultrasenstitive ones. You should only decide to have sex without a condom in a stable relationship and in mutual agreement. A HIV test taken together may be the starting point.
„If I don’t feel anything, I have no infection“– that’s an attitude which is not helpful with sexually transmitted diseases. Many infections proceed for days, weeks, months or years without any symptoms. This is one of the differences to other diseases that we know. Another particularity in sexually transmitted diseases is the fact, that it is often not suffice that only the one person that shows symptoms gets treatment. Usually it is necessary that the partner gets treated as well.
It is impossible to protect 100% against the infection with a sexually transmitted disease. But your own behaviour can protect you so you can enjoy sex without worry. The most important measure in this is Safer Sex
. For some diseases, a vaccination has been developed in the recent past. Appropriate hygiene is important as well.
Safer Sex . In safer sex, no body fluids are exchanged between humans. Neither semen nor vaginal fluids enter the body of the partner. |
The easiest way to practice Safer Sex is to wear a condom in vaginal intercourse or anal sex. Condoms can be bought nearly everywhere: in pharmacies, drugstores and supermarkets.
If you do this in the right way, condoms can provide a very good protection against infections. How to do this exactly, please read here.
|
How to use a condom in the right way The first important thing is to avoid damage of the rubber of the condom (e. g. with the fingernails), when ripping open the condom package: Do not roll open the condom to check if it is okay! When you do this, it may become damaged. After that, press out the air of the reservoir of the condom with thumb and forefinger, to have space for the later ejaculation. After that, the condom can be rolled down on the stiff penis. If it doesn’t work properly of if by accident you put on the condom the wrong way (reel inside), better take a new one. After orgasm, the penis should best be withdrawn from anus or vagina as long as it is still stiff. Doing this, hold the condom to avoid that it slips off in withdrawing. Please take care that no semen is pressed out – this is very important! And please use a condom only once, and throw it away afterwards into the garbage and not in the toilet. It is important that you only use condoms carrying a „CE“sign with a control number, and that the date of expiration is not yet exceeded. In addition, the wrapping should not be damaged. Condoms need to be safe from pressure (purse, trouser pocket) and heat. For anal sex, there are also extra tearproof condoms. To facilitate the penetration of the penis into vagina or anus, many people use lubricants – please be aware, however, that condoms may only be used with fatfree and watersoluble lubricants. Oils and fat may affect the latex and can make a condom tear. If a woman prefers to contracept additionally with suppositories or foam, it is important to use fatfree products in this as well. In anal sex, a fatfree lubricant helps to reduce the pressure on the condom. |
In addition, it is important to take care not to take in semen when doing oral sex – in oral sex with men you can use a condom, in oral sex with women there is a special cloth (available in pharmacies and in anti-AIDS action committees) that can be used to cover the vagina. In any case, it is very much recommended to avoid contact with visible skin changes like spots, warts or abscesses. They can be a sign for an acute infection and may be contagious.
The most important thing is that you talk about safer sex with your partner – before you start having sex. This is nothing that must be feared. Usually, both sides will be happy that the subject is discussed, and sex can be experienced without fear.
| Vaccinations. There are some sexually transmitted diseases against which you can protect yourself by vaccination. |
The German Vaccination Committee recommends a vaccination against hepatitis B (usually administered together with Hepatitis A) and against Human Papilloma Virus
(HPV) for young people, to be administered prior to the first sexual contact.
| Hygiene. Adequate hygiene also contributes to the protection against sexually transmitted diseases. Regular hygiene in the genital region helps to get a better feeling for your own body and to notice possible changes in an early state. |
For women it is very important, however, to take care that the natural bacterial balance is not damaged, which can easily happen by using vaginal douches, deodorants etc. in the genital region. As soon as the skin of the vagina becomes dry, it becomes easy for germs to penetrate.
Many germs love a warm and humid surrounding. For this reason, it’s a good idea to wear breathable clothes if possible (e. g. cotton underwear).
Sexually transmitted diseases need to receive treatment by a physician. Even in the case of only slight symptoms it is best to see a doctor. The treatment of sexually transmitted diseases is done by dermatologists, as well as gynecologists for women and urologists for men. In other countries, treatment is being done by general practioners or in special treatment centres (so-called genito-urinary clinic, GUM clinic)
Many people feel ashamed when they see a doctor because they noticed changes in the genital region. But for the physician, that kind of health problem is something very normal, as it is relatively frequent. In total, the number of infections with a sexually transmitted disease is increasing.
Allways remember: If you seek treatment early enough, there are very good chances for
healing. Treatment should be done after a thorough medical examination
done by a physician – self-medication can delay infections or lead to
irreparable damage.
It is very important that both partners receive treatment, otherwise the infection can see-saw between the partners (“ping-pong effect”). Also, former partners should be informed about an infection if the contact has not happened long ago. The same is true for people who have sex with more than one partner.
In principle, everyone who is affected or assumes to be affected by a sexually transmitted infection should always talk to the partner/s. This may be a bit uncomfortable, but it will help to prevent to spread the infection.
Everybody who assumes to have an infection or notices symptoms that might be a sign for one, should be aware to use condoms when having sex. And, even if it may be difficult: in such a case, it would be best to not have sex at all until healing.
| By the way: In Germany there is an obligation for a number of infections to notify the Health Authorities, among them HIV and syphilis. |
If you have several or changing sex partners, or want to have sex without condoms with one partner, you should by all means do an HIV test. This can be done at a physician or at the Health Authorties (at a low fee or free of charge). In an HIV test it is examined if the body has formed antibodies (i. e. defence cells) against the HI virus. An infection can be excluded by test not earlier than three months after the last risk situation.